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The Tuidang movement (/; ''Tuìdǎng yùndòng'') is a Chinese dissident phenomenon that began in late 2004. The movement, whose name translates literally as "withdraw from the () party," was catalyzed by the publication of the editorial series "Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party" (九评共产党; ''Jiuping Gongchandang'') in the U.S.-based Chinese-language newspaper ''The Epoch Times'' (''Dajiyuan''). The series criticized Communist Party rule in China, with a focus on the party's history of political repression, its propaganda apparatus, and its assaults on traditional culture and value systems. Soon after the publication the Nine Commentaries, ''The Epoch Times'' began publishing letters from readers wishing to symbolically disavow their affiliations to Communist Party organizations, including the Communist Youth League and Young Pioneers. Among the movement's participants are political dissidents, lawyers, scholars, diplomats, and former police or military personnel.〔〔〔 ==Background== The Tuidang movement, and the publication of the Nine Commentaries in particular, can be understood in part as an outgrowth of the Falun Gong movement's resistance to persecution in China. Falun Gong is a qigong practice with roots in Buddhist and Daoist philosophy which has enjoyed great popularity since it was made public in 1992.〔Renee Schoff, "Growing group poses a dilemma for China," Associated Press, April 26, 1999.〕 Since 1999, it has been severely persecuted by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).〔Amnesty International, ("China: The crackdown on Falun Gong and other so-called "heretical organizations" ), 23 March 2000〕〔Congressional Executive Commission on China, ('Annual Report 2009' ), 10 October 2009〕 Ethan Gutmann interviewed over 100 witnesses and estimated that 65,000 Falun Gong practitioners were killed for their organs from 2000 to 2008.〔Jay Nordlinger (25 August 2014) ("Face The Slaughter: The Slaughter: Mass Killings, Organ Harvesting, and China’s Secret Solution to Its Dissident Problem, by Ethan Gutmann" ), National Review〕〔Viv Young (11 August 2014) ("The Slaughter: Mass Killings, Organ Harvesting, and China’s Secret Solution to Its Dissident Problem" ) New York Journal of Books〕〔Ethan Gutmann (August 2014) (The Slaughter: Mass Killings, Organ Harvesting and China’s Secret Solution to Its Dissident Problem ) "Average number of Falun Gong in Laogai System at any given time" Low estimate 450,000, High estimate 1,000,000 p 320. "Best estimate of Falun Gong harvested 2000 to 2008" 65,000 p 322. amazon.com〕〔Barbara Turnbull (21 October 2014) ("Q&A: Author and analyst Ethan Gutmann discusses China’s illegal organ trade" ) The Toronto Star〕 In the early 2000s, United States-based practitioners created news organizations intended to challenge the Communist Party's hegemony over Chinese-language media and provide an opposition voice. Through these organizations, notably The Epoch Times and New Tang Dynasty Television, Falun Gong came to establish a "de facto media alliance" with other Chinese dissident groups.〔Zhao, Yuezhi (2003). Falun Gong, Identity, and the Struggle over Meaning Inside and Outside China. Rowman & Littlefield publishers, inc.. pp. 209–223. ISBN 978-0-7425-2385-2.〕 As part of its struggle against the CCP, The Epoch Times published the Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party in November 2004, and began inviting readers to renounce the party. Hu Ping describes this foray into political commentary a "logical progression" resulting from Falun Gong's inability to end the persecution against them through other means, but points out that the practice itself is apolitical in nature: "Originally Falun Gong aimed the brunt of its criticism at Jiang Zemin, but after Jiang left office and the new Hu Jintao regime refused to rehabilitate Falun Gong and continued to persecute practitioners, Falun Gong broadened its aim to include the entire regime and the Communist Party ... This change, if not exactly natural, must surely be considered reasonable. If some people insist on regarding Falun Gong as political, it can only be in the sense that Vaclav Havel described as "antipolitical politics."〔Hu Ping, ''The Falun Gong Phenomenon'', in "Challenging China: Struggle and Hope in an Era of Change," Sharon Hom and Stacy Mosher ed. Human Rights in China, 2008. pp 228 - 230.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tuidang movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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